Gig Economy and Freelancing: Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan, a Qualitative Study

Abstract

The gig economy is increasingly essential for job creation, economic contribution, entrepreneurial opportunities, and global connectivity. This qualitative study examined the evolving landscape of the gig economy and freelancing in Pakistan, highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced by independent workers in this sector. Qualitative research design and thematic analysis methods were used to identify the patterns and themes across the qualitative data. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with gig workers nationwide. The sample size was determined at the saturation point, and expert nonprobability sampling was used to collect the data. The study identified opportunities for gig workers in Pakistan, including global access, a tax-free sector, the ability to earn remittances, free training, and the flexible nature of the job. Despite the opportunities, the gig economy faces challenges related to internet connectivity, legal issues, payment issues, VPN access, and job burnout. The study also highlighted the importance of factors such as global access, a tax-free sector, remittance earnings, free training, and flexibility, and provided policy recommendations for policymakers to increase social protection and resolve legal issues related to the gig economy in Pakistan. The study findings underscore the need for policy interventions, digital infrastructure development, and skill enhancement programs to support sustainable growth in Pakistan's freelancing sector.