Adult bone health and consumption of dairy-based products: a review

Abstract

Calcium is essential for bone health at all agesas itmaintainsbone strength and avoidsthe risk of fractures in older people. Milk is considered one of the best sources of calcium and other nutrients like magnesium and potassium. Clinical investigations have demonstrated a strong favorable correlation between dairy dietary consumption and the bone turnover indicators. Milk, cheese, and yogurt are examples of high-protein, high-calcium dairy foods that are recommended for bone health throughout the lifespan to lower the risk of low-trauma fractures. Thisreview coversrecent cross-sectional, case-controlled prospective cohort and clinical trials documenting the impact of products of dairy on fracture risk, bone mineral density, and/or bone mineral content. Moreover, itprovides an overview of various studies examining the relationship between dairy consumption and bone healthand discusses the strengths and limitations of these studies, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in dairy products to support overall bone health. However, to date, no randomized controlled trials have shown the anti-fracture effectiveness of dairy food consumption; instead, this has been assumed through cross-sectional and prospective studies.